Public Policy and the Political Participation of Individuals with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Examining Legislative Frameworks and Civic Engagement Across Different Countries

This paper analyzes how public policy influences the political participation of individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs)dyslexia, ADHD, and ASD in 30 countries. Applying a quantitative lens, it examines data from 459 participants, including government officials and neurodivergent communities, to assess the accessibility of legislative structures, elections, and advocacy work. Systemic barriers remain, ranging from a lack of adequate voting accommodations to a lack of political representation to societal stigma, limiting full political access, the findings show. Conversely, countries with strict laws to protect the rights of neurodivergent people tend to have them vote—and be represented in political institutions—in much higher numbers than those without such protections or targeted reforms in place. While some have moved, the paper highlights the need for continued policy action, stricter enforcement mechanisms and civic initiatives to expand political participation. In summary, it emphasizes the global inequalities in political accessibility and advocates for more inclusive policies.