Negotiated Consensus: A more representative way to vote.

19 March 2025, Version 1
This content is an early or alternative research output and has not been peer-reviewed at the time of posting.

Abstract

Despite thousands of years of practical voting system experience, ranging from ancient Greek ostraca to paper ballots to electronic ranked choice voting, no universally accepted scheme has emerged capable of balancing transparency, cognitive load, and “fairness”. Indeed, given the situational and fluid dimensions of “fairness” as a foundational criterion in a democracy, the hope for a universal methodology is a mirage. Here we narrow our focus to single and multi-member democratic races where the electorate’s preferences are split, but voters are willing to accept a consensus candidate willing to modify their positions to incorporate minority party policies. We call this method “Negotiated Consensus”, leveraging a related suggestion made by Charles Dodgson in 1885.

Keywords

Voting
Ranked Choice
Representation
Democracy

Comments

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Comment number 1, Greg Blonder: Mar 26, 2025, 18:05

In Negotiated Consensus people vote for a single candidate. If no candidate achieves a simple majority they negotiate among themselves to transfer some or all of their votes until a majority winner is obtained. These negations assure the winner’s policies are more representative than in a plurality election or ranked voting. If a majority consensus is unobtainable, a top-two runoff decides the winner. Alternatively (and less conventionally but motivated by Athenian Democracy) random sortition decide the runoff. A variant extends Negotiated Consensus to multi-member races.